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-
h
-
Removes the last component of a path name
-
r
-
removes the last component of the suffix of a file name
(the .xxx part of a file name)
-
e
-
removes all but the suffix of a file name (including the .)
-
s/x/y/
-
substitutes the first occurrence of string x with string y
in a word (note: while it is possible to do this with
multiple words using the g& modifier, it is not
possible to do the change globally to a word). On the
command line, a string from the last command can be changed
by using ^x^y
-
t
-
Removes all of the last path name from a word, everything
including the last / in a word is removed
-
&
-
repeats the previous substitution on the current word
Due to bugs in csh, the use of modifiers with variables is
flaky. Only the first word of the variable is visible to the
modifier, syntax errors will occur on perfectly valid uses of
modifiers, and combinations of modifiers (i.e.
modifier:modifier:modifer) are not allowed. So, other than
the modifiers that remove parts of the path/file name, use of
modifiers with variables is not very useful.
That said, we will use a history event as our example:
ls /homes2/firstaid/progasst/firstaid/UGLIWSL.ps
-
"echo !ls:$:h" strips off the last component of
/homes2/firstaid/progasst/firstaid/UGLIWSL.ps which is the
file name, so it is reduced to
echo /homes2/firstaid/progasst/firstaid
-
"echo !ls:$:r" strips off the trailing .ps part, reducing it
to
echo /homes2/firstaid/progasst/firstaid/UGLIWSL
-
"echo !ls:$:e" does the exact opposite of the above, leaving
just the .ps part:
echo ps
-
"echo !ls:$:s/UGLI/PGII" changes
/homes2/firstaid/progasst/firstaid/UGLIWSL.ps to
/homes2/firstaid/progasst/firstaid/PGIIWSL.ps
If we wanted to perform another substitution of UGLI to PGII
later on using a modifier in another command, we would use
& in place of s/UGLI/PGII.
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